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LAND GRABBING & CONFLICT

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The global rush for land exacerbates inequality, fueling conflicts

What is land grabbing, exactly?
  • Land grabbing happens when big companies, governments, or powerful people take control of large areas of land—often much more than what local farmers usually own
  • When land is grabbed, it is always done without the Free, Prior, or Informed Consent of Indigenous Peoples or local communities who live on and from it
  • Land grabbers might buy, rent, or claim the land in ways that are illegal, technically legal (according to local and regional laws), or in a legal grey area in which traditional land rights clash with modern property laws
  • Land grabbing is usually done to profit off of the land's agricultural potential, extract resources, or -- more recently -- for 'green energy' projects and fortress conservation processes
  • Land grabbing almost always affects the ability of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, to steward their land, protect its biodiversity, practise sustainable agriculture, achieve food sovereignty

For more on what land grabbing is, see FAO's publication, "What is Land grabbing?"

Our research shows that since 2010, over 26.7 million hectares of land have been claimed by private interests.

These interests are often backed by domestic elites. The land rush exploits historical inequalities from colonial and commercial land exploitation.

Indigenous Peoples and local communities who live on and from the world’s remaining biodiversity hotspots are the most affected by land grabs. Many affected communities lack legal land titles, undermining their ability to defend their rights.  As of 2021, only 15% of the 250 large-scale land acquisitions for which Land Matrix had relevant data, report that free prior and informed consent was given. 

Driven by large-scale agriculture, tourism, infrastructure, and increasingly climate mitigation projects, the land rush can displace communities entirely. Other times, it restricts their access to lands.

When communities lose access to communal grazing grounds, traditional farming areas, or when their lands are rendered infertile or unfit for cultivation, their ways of life become untennable.

The impacts ripple across entire regions. Ecosystems degrade due to unsustainable use, food systems fragment, poverty and inequality deepen, and social and cultural structures fall apart. In this way, the land rush not only exacerbates inequality, but often escalates already existing conflicts or leads to new ones– between and among communities, private entities, and in bigger geopolitical contexts.

In fact, World Bank data indicates that 56% of global conflicts are land-related.

We push for people-centred land governance-- championing the dignity of communities living on and from the land -- to address the root causes of the land rush.

Resisting Land Grabs in Argentina

In Jujuy, Argentina, Indigenous Peoples and local communities are resisting lithium-driven land-grabbing

Tackling the Issues

Our network has compiled a series of regionally-adaptable tools to prevent land grabbing and land grabs: from evidence-based advocacy and legal actions to the development of community land registries through participatory mapping. Explore some case studies below.

Taking on land grabs

A data-based approach

Land Matrix is promoting transparency & accountability in decisions over large-scale land acquisitions, by capturing and sharing data about these deals on its online open-access platform. Since 2012, the Land Matrix has captured 7,117 concluded deals, covering over 50 million hectares of land. This is data that can be used to support evidence-based decision-making and facilitate more meaningful and inclusive participation in decisions over land investments and governance, thereby reducing land grabs and conflict over land.

To Land Matrix

Reducing land conflicts

We work with members to develop and implement practical skills to document and protect their lands, including  land use planning and participatory mapping skills. Often, mapping lands is the first step to getting a land title.

Always, when communities have clearly delineated lands, risk of conflicts dramatically decrease. 

These three stories of how participatory mapping has changed lives in three communities in Togo, Indonesia, and Uganda:

The community land protection initiative

Together with Namati, and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), the Community Land Protection Initiative is equipping ILC members with the practical skills to support communities to document and protect their indigenous and customary lands.

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uganda_karamojong village_jason taylor.png
ILC

#África #Derechos de tierras comunitarias #Pueblos indígenas #3. DIVERSIDAD EN LOS SISTEMAS DE TENENCIA #5. DERECHOS TERRITORIALES SEGUROS PARA LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS #ULA

Ensayo fotográfico

A Common Right in Uganda

1 junio 2015

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Maasai in Tanzania
ILC

#Derechos Humanos #Pastores #Pueblos indígenas #3. DIVERSIDAD EN LOS SISTEMAS DE TENENCIA #5. DERECHOS TERRITORIALES SEGUROS PARA LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS #9. MEDIDAS EFICACES CONTRA EL ACAPARAMIENTO DE TIERRAS #10. PROTECCIÓN DE LOS DEFENSORES DE LOS DERECHOS A LA TIERRA

Ogiek evictions 2023
ILC

#Pueblos indígenas #Kenya #OPDP

Comunicado de Prensa

STOP EVICTIONS OF THE OGIEK IN KENYA

2 noviembre 2023

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cambodia_man on tractor_shutterstock.jpg
ILC Asia

#Asia #coalición nacionales por la tierra #Política de tierras y diálogo entre múltiples partes interesadas #1. Derechos de tenencia seguros #5. DERECHOS TERRITORIALES SEGUROS PARA LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS #Cambodia #FNN #STAR KAMPUCHEA #NGOF

Comunicado de Prensa

Using data to monitor land conflicts in Cambodia

8 septiembre 2021

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ILC Learning Hub

#Global #Gestión del conocimiento y la información: #Asistencia jurídica, empoderamiento jurídico y acceso a la justicia #Actividades de promoción y campaña #Mapeo y registro de tierras #Apoyo al diseño y la implementación de proyectos #Uso de medios de comunicación y comunicación #Herramientas #Bangladesh #Burma #Malawi #Palestine #Senegal #Derechos de tierras comunitarias #LANDNET MALAWI #ALRD #CICODEV #OXFAM #TRÓCAIRE #ACAD #CDA

ILC Learning Hub

#Global #datos #8. INFORMACIÓN TRANSPARENTE Y ACCESIBLE #9. MEDIDAS EFICACES CONTRA EL ACAPARAMIENTO DE TIERRAS #Estudio

land matrix dossier
ILC Learning Hub

#América Latina y el Caribe #Derechos Humanos #datos #Acaparamiento de tierras #8. INFORMACIÓN TRANSPARENTE Y ACCESIBLE #9. MEDIDAS EFICACES CONTRA EL ACAPARAMIENTO DE TIERRAS

Recursos

Dossier 2024 de Land Matrix LAC

23 diciembre 2024

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Land governance
ILC Learning Hub

#Senegal

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ILC Learning Hub

#Global #Derechos de tierras comunitarias #1. Derechos de tenencia seguros #Resolución de conflictos sobre la tierra #Asistencia jurídica, empoderamiento jurídico y acceso a la justicia #Mapeo y registro de tierras #Herramientas

journalist_from_times_and_national_newspaper_interviewing_traditional_authority_maganga.jpg
ILC Learning Hub

#África #Actividades de promoción y campaña #Resolución de conflictos sobre la tierra #Asistencia jurídica, empoderamiento jurídico y acceso a la justicia #3. DIVERSIDAD EN LOS SISTEMAS DE TENENCIA #8. INFORMACIÓN TRANSPARENTE Y ACCESIBLE #9. MEDIDAS EFICACES CONTRA EL ACAPARAMIENTO DE TIERRAS #Malawi #LANDNET MALAWI

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ILC Learning Hub

#Global #Asistencia jurídica, empoderamiento jurídico y acceso a la justicia #Actividades de promoción y campaña #9. MEDIDAS EFICACES CONTRA EL ACAPARAMIENTO DE TIERRAS #Apoyo al diseño y la implementación de proyectos #Establecimiento y fortalecimiento de instituciones locales #Uso de medios de comunicación y comunicación #Promoción y campañas #Bangladesh #Cameroon #Guatemala #Malawi #Palestine #Senegal #Suriname #LANDNET MALAWI #ALRD #CICODEV #MBOSCUDA #OXFAM #ACAD #CDA #FPP